{"id":15836,"date":"2024-01-02T14:59:56","date_gmt":"2024-01-02T14:59:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/palestine.icomos.org\/?post_type=newss&#038;p=15836"},"modified":"2024-07-27T18:16:45","modified_gmt":"2024-07-27T18:16:45","slug":"%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%ad%d9%88%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%94%d8%ad%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%ab-%d8%ba%d8%b2%d8%a9-declaration-sur-gaza-statement-on-gaza","status":"publish","type":"newss","link":"https:\/\/palestine.icomos.org\/ar\/newss\/%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%ad%d9%88%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%94%d8%ad%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%ab-%d8%ba%d8%b2%d8%a9-declaration-sur-gaza-statement-on-gaza\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0654\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u063a\u0632\u0629 &#8211; Declaration sur Gaza &#8211; Statement on Gaza (2 January 2024)"},"content":{"rendered":"<div dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px; text-align: right;\">\n<strong>\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 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\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u063a\u0632\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0648\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u064a\u0646\u063a: \u201c\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0623 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0644\u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0629.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>D\u00e9claration du Groupe R\u00e9gional Arabe de l\u2019ICOMOS Conseil international des monuments et des sites sur la situation de la Palestine et les \u00e9v\u00e9nements qui se d\u00e9roulent actuellement dans la bande de Gaza \u2013 Date : 9 janvier 2024<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Le Groupe R\u00e9gional Arabe est compos\u00e9 des Comit\u00e9s nationaux arabes de l\u2019ICOMOS et de membres individuels d\u2019autres pays arabes. Ce groupe a pour objectif de soutenir la repr\u00e9sentation arabe et ses actions au sein de l\u2019Organisation internationale de l\u2019ICOMOS en vue de promouvoir la conservation, la protection, la r\u00e9habilitation et la mise en valeur des monuments du Patrimoine culturel des pays arabes en toute ind\u00e9pendance et dans le respect de l\u2019\u00e9thique d\u00e9ontologique.<br \/>\n\u00c0 l\u2019aube d\u2019une nouvelle ann\u00e9e et apr\u00e8s plus de quatre-vingt-douze jours d\u2019agression continue et de bombardements intensifs d\u2019une occupation causant plus de 1750 frappes offensives qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 la mort de plus de 23 000 citoyens Palestiniens civils, dont 70 % d\u2019enfants et de femmes, auxquels se rajoutent plus de sept mille disparus sous les d\u00e9combres (soit, entre morts et disparus, 1,3 % de la population de Gaza). Cette agression a \u00e9galement fait plus de 58 000 bless\u00e9s, soit 2,5 % de la population de Gaza, laiss\u00e9s sans traitements ni soins en raison :<br \/>\ndu ciblage des h\u00f4pitaux et des cliniques par les bombardements directs des forces d\u2019occupation isra\u00e9liennes,<br \/>\ndu d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9 de la population sous la menace des bombardements,<br \/>\ndu nombre illimit\u00e9 de meurtres et de destructions que la r\u00e9gion n\u2019a jamais connu auparavant (le pourcentage de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es a atteint plus de 85% de la population de la bande de Gaza).<br \/>\nCe sont des quartiers r\u00e9sidentiels, des camps de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, des h\u00f4pitaux, des \u00e9coles, des mosqu\u00e9es et des \u00e9glises, des installations d\u2019eau, des boulangeries, des biblioth\u00e8ques et des mus\u00e9es qui ont ainsi \u00e9t\u00e9 cibl\u00e9s par plus de 65 000 tonnes de bombes, y compris des bombes stupides et des bombes au phosphore blanc qui sont totalement prohib\u00e9es au niveau international depuis la Seconde Guerre mondiale. On rel\u00e8ve de m\u00eame la profanation des cimeti\u00e8res par les soldats de l\u2019arm\u00e9e d\u2019occupation isra\u00e9lienne.<br \/>\nDe s\u00e9rieuses menaces p\u00e8sent sur le patrimoine dans cet environnement de bombardement intensif ne faisant aucune distinction entre cibles militaires, civiles, patrimoine humain et culturel palestinien. Plus de 200 sites sur les 325 sites enregistr\u00e9s dans la bande de Gaza, d\u2019une valeur exceptionnelle historique, arch\u00e9ologique, naturelle, religieuse, nationale et humanitaire, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truits ou gravement endommag\u00e9s. On d\u00e9plore un taux de destruction de plus de 60% du patrimoine culturel de Gaza portant sur une p\u00e9riode historique remontant \u00e0 la fin de la p\u00e9riode n\u00e9olithique. Ce patrimoine t\u00e9moigne des traces de nombreuses civilisations. La civilisation de Wadi Gaza est le t\u00e9moin du d\u00e9veloppement de la vie et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s en Palestine. La r\u00e9gion de Tell en particulier Le Tell des AJUL, constitue le noyau primitif de la s\u00e9dentarisation dans la ville de Gaza, et a d\u2019ailleurs donn\u00e9 son nom au territoire.<br \/>\nParmi ces sites et monuments importants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 compl\u00e8tement ou partiellement d\u00e9truits figurent :<br \/>\nle site arch\u00e9ologique de Tell al-Abul (IIIe mill\u00e9naire av. J.-C.) sur la rive nord de Wadi Gaza,<br \/>\nle site arch\u00e9ologique du cimeti\u00e8re romain (Ier si\u00e8cle av. J.-C.),<br \/>\nle site arch\u00e9ologique de Tell Umm Amer, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de monast\u00e8re de Saint-Hilarion (IVe si\u00e8cle apr. J.-C.), inscrit sur la liste indicative du Patrimoine Mondial de l\u2019UNESCO et sur la liste des biens culturels sous protection renforc\u00e9e depuis le 14 d\u00e9cembre 2023,<br \/>\nle site arch\u00e9ologique de l\u2019\u00e9glise byzantine de Jabalie (Ve si\u00e8cle apr. J.-C.),<br \/>\nl\u2019\u00e9glise de Perphyrios (Ve si\u00e8cle), un des monuments historiques vivants avec un patrimoine architectural et une signification religieuse et sociale qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9moli et endommag\u00e9,<br \/>\nla Grande Mosqu\u00e9e Omari (VIIe si\u00e8cle apr. J.-C.), qui compte parmi les sites arch\u00e9ologiques les plus importants dont les origines remontent au Ier si\u00e8cle av. J.-C.<br \/>\nLe site des \u00ab Zones humides c\u00f4ti\u00e8res de Wadi Gaza \u00bb, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une r\u00e9serve naturelle d\u2019une valeur universelle exceptionnelle est un site candidat au patrimoine mondial de l\u2019humanit\u00e9 au titre de la richesse de sa biodiversit\u00e9 (flore et faune). Il est d\u00e9sormais vandalis\u00e9 de plusieurs mani\u00e8res, notamment par l\u2019arm\u00e9e d\u2019occupation qui, au commencement de la guerre for\u00e7ant la population du nord de la bande de Gaza \u00e0 fuir vers le sud de la vall\u00e9e, a ainsi d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibr\u00e9 \u00e9cologiquement la vall\u00e9e.<br \/>\nGaza a \u00e9galement brill\u00e9 et prosp\u00e9r\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque mamelouke (du XIIIe si\u00e8cle au XVIe si\u00e8cle), comme en t\u00e9moigne l\u2019architecture des mosqu\u00e9es, des palais et des march\u00e9s historiques de valeur sociale et \u00e9conomique, t\u00e9moins exceptionnels de cette p\u00e9riode opulente ; ces sites n\u2019ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9pargn\u00e9s par les bombardements lourds et directs, \u00e0 titre d\u2019exemples, mais sans s\u2019y limiter : le palais Al-Basha (1260 apr\u00e8s J.-C.), le march\u00e9 Qaisariya (1329 apr\u00e8s J.-C.), le Souk Zawiya, qui en est l\u2019extension historique : il a \u00e9t\u00e9 largement d\u00e9truit. La mosqu\u00e9e Ibn Othman (1394 apr\u00e8s J.-C.) et le bain Samra (XVe si\u00e8cle apr\u00e8s J.-C.), qui \u00e9tait le seul bain historique en activit\u00e9 jusqu\u2019\u00e0 nos jours. Parmi les b\u00e2timents de l\u2019\u00e9poque ottomane, la mosqu\u00e9e de Sayyid Hachem (1850 apr\u00e8s J.-C.) a subi le m\u00eame sort et enfin (liste non exhaustive) l\u2019ancien b\u00e2timent de la municipalit\u00e9 de Gaza datant du d\u00e9but du XXe si\u00e8cle.<br \/>\nOutre le patrimoine culturel architectural et le tissu urbain et naturel, le patrimoine immat\u00e9riel de Gaza n\u2019est pas \u00e9pargn\u00e9 aussi. L\u2019agression a caus\u00e9 la destruction de la plupart des mus\u00e9es, la mort de nombreux journalistes et intellectuels ainsi que la disparition des artistes et de leurs contributions au patrimoine et \u00e0 la vie culturelle de Gaza. S\u2019agissant du patrimoine mat\u00e9riel, l\u2019agression a d\u00e9truit de nombreux centres vitaux \u0153uvrant dans le domaine de la pr\u00e9servation du patrimoine culturel, des ateliers d\u2019artisanat consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme porteurs de connaissances et de savoir-faire patrimoniaux. Ils constituent l\u2019identit\u00e9 nationale palestinienne, source de fiert\u00e9 pour de nombreux Gazaouis. Dans le contexte \u00e9conomique et social de Gaza, le Patrimoine culturel constituait une manne incontournable.<br \/>\nDe surcro\u00eet, les sites du patrimoine palestinien inscrits sur la Liste du patrimoine mondial en p\u00e9ril font l\u2019objet d\u2019attaques syst\u00e9matiques et continues de la part de colons isra\u00e9liens arm\u00e9s sous la protection de l\u2019arm\u00e9e d\u2019occupation. Parmi ces sites figurent la vieille ville de J\u00e9rusalem et ses remparts (enregistr\u00e9s en 1981), dans laquelle les biens des habitants du quartier arm\u00e9nien ont \u00e9t\u00e9 directement attaqu\u00e9s et d\u00e9truits en accord avec l\u2019arm\u00e9e. Le village de \u00ab Battir \u00bb dans le gouvernorat de Bethl\u00e9em (enregistr\u00e9 en 2014), a subi lui aussi une violation majeure puisque les colons s\u2019en sont empar\u00e9s pour y placer des maisons pr\u00e9fabriqu\u00e9es mobiles.<br \/>\nQuant au site de la vieille ville d\u2019H\u00e9bron et du Tombeau des Patriarches (enregistr\u00e9 en 2017), les principes de sauvegarde se trouvent viol\u00e9s par les mesures militaires isra\u00e9liennes depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre sur Gaza qui restreignent strictement la libert\u00e9 de mouvement des citoyens palestiniens et emp\u00eachent les pri\u00e8res \u00e0 la mosqu\u00e9e Ibrahimi.<br \/>\nOn assiste d\u00e8s lors \u00e0 une volont\u00e9 g\u00e9nocidaire exprim\u00e9e par de hauts responsables du gouvernement isra\u00e9lien ainsi qu\u2019en t\u00e9moignent de nombreuses d\u00e9clarations officielles, officieuses et document\u00e9s tels l\u2019appel public lanc\u00e9 le 5 novembre 2023 par le ministre isra\u00e9lien du Patrimoine, Amichai Ben-Eliyah, en faveur d\u2019une attaque nucl\u00e9aire contre Gaza ainsi que la d\u00e9claration publi\u00e9e le 21 d\u00e9cembre 2023 par la ministre des Femmes, May Golan, qui appelait au massacre des habitants de Gaza et d\u2019Ilqa dans le cadre d\u2019un plan de soi-disant \u00ab solution d\u00e9finitive \u00bb pr\u00e9par\u00e9 pour le peuple palestinien dans le but de liquider sa juste cause. Ces d\u00e9clarations, ainsi que d\u2019autres, constituent une violation flagrante du droit international, notamment de la Convention pour la pr\u00e9vention et la r\u00e9pression du crime de g\u00e9nocide (1948), de la Convention sur l\u2019\u00e9limination de toutes les formes de discrimination raciale (1965), du Pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politiques, en particulier des paragraphes 1 et 2 de l\u2019article 20 (\u00ab Toute propagande de guerre est interdite par la loi \u00bb et \u00ab tout appel \u00e0 la haine nationale, raciale ou religieuse constituant une incitation \u00e0 la discrimination, \u00e0 l\u2019hostilit\u00e9 ou \u00e0 la violence est interdit par la loi\u00bb).<br \/>\nCette destruction d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9e du patrimoine culturel humain \u00e0 Gaza, attest\u00e9e sur le terrain, est un crime de guerre \u00e0 part enti\u00e8re et une violation flagrante des conventions internationales, des conventions et du droit pour la protection du patrimoine, en particulier la Convention internationale pour la protection du patrimoine mondial, culturel et naturel de 1972, la quatri\u00e8me Convention de Gen\u00e8ve de 1949, la Convention de La Haye de 1954 pour la protection des biens culturels pendant les conflits arm\u00e9s et la D\u00e9claration universelle de l\u2019UNESCO de 2001.<br \/>\nAu vu de l\u2019ensemble des violations et constats pr\u00e9cit\u00e9s, le Groupe R\u00e9gional Arabe condamne fermement les attaques brutales et barbares sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent dans l\u2019histoire moderne perp\u00e9tr\u00e9es par les forces d\u2019occupation isra\u00e9liennes dans la bande de Gaza et souligne que les meurtres, les destructions, les actes de vandalisme et les d\u00e9placements qui ont lieu en Terre Sainte ne doivent pas se demeurer sans une condamnation internationale obligeante et une action imm\u00e9diate pour d\u00e9fendre les droits de l\u2019homme et les valeurs culturelles.<br \/>\nDans ce contexte, le Groupe R\u00e9gional Arabe appelle la communaut\u00e9 internationale, les organisations internationales, toutes les institutions culturelles, patrimoniales, humanitaires et de d\u00e9fense des droits de l\u2019homme et les pays souhaitant la paix et la justice et dans le cadre de ses missions de pr\u00e9servation, de sauvegarde de patrimoine culturel \u00e0 :<br \/>\nCondamner les attaques et violences en cours,<br \/>\nProt\u00e9ger le peuple, la terre et le patrimoine vivant palestinien,<br \/>\nDemander un arr\u00eat imm\u00e9diat des op\u00e9rations militaires pour la mise en place de mesures conservatoires imm\u00e9diates afin de mettre fin aux atrocit\u00e9s et au g\u00e9nocide du patrimoine, de la civilisation et de l\u2019environnement en Palestine, en particulier \u00e0 Gaza,<br \/>\nFournir une aide humanitaire d\u2019urgence aux victimes de cette agression,<br \/>\nImposer de sanctions s\u00e9v\u00e8res \u00e0 l\u2019entit\u00e9 isra\u00e9lienne et \u00e0 toutes les autorit\u00e9s qui appuient cette politique agressive,<br \/>\nBoycotter les entreprises et les institutions qui soutiennent cette entit\u00e9 occupante et agressive,<br \/>\nDiligenter des exp\u00e9ditions scientifiques conjointes pour inspecter et \u00e9valuer les dommages caus\u00e9s au patrimoine culturel et aux installations culturelles et naturelles,<br \/>\nFournir une assistance technique et mat\u00e9rielle et renforcer l\u2019expertise locale pour documenter, restaurer, renforcer et r\u00e9habiliter le patrimoine culturel et les biens culturels.<br \/>\n\u00c0 cet \u00e9gard, le Groupe r\u00e9gional arabe affirme sa volont\u00e9 de participer \u00e0 toute contribution possible \u00e0 la protection du patrimoine culturel en Palestine en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral et \u00e0 Gaza en particulier.<br \/>\nEnfin, nous mentionnons la citation historique de Martin Luther King Jr. : \u00ab Le pire endroit de l\u2019enfer est r\u00e9serv\u00e9 pour ceux qui se taisent au moment des grandes crises morales \u00bb.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Groupe R\u00e9gional Arabe<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Statement of the Arab Regional Group at the International Council of Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) on Palestine and the Current War in Gaza \u2013 Dated 9th January 2024<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The Arab Regional Group is comprised of ICOMOS Arab region national committees and international members from Arab countries. It seeks to achieve equitable and effective Arab representation in ICOMOS and advocates for issues of relevance to the Arab Region in the field of cultural heritage.<\/p>\n<p>As we mark a New Year and following ninety-two days of continued aggression and intense bombing of Gaza in Palestine, Israel has committed more than 1750 massacres and killed more than 23000 Palestinians, of whom 70% are children and women. In addition, 7000 people remain under the rubble of bombarded buildings. This loss amounts to 1.3% of Gaza\u2019s population. The aggression of the Israeli Occupying Forces resulted in more than 58000 wounded, hospitals and clinics bombed and more than 85% of Gaza\u2019s population forcefully displaced \u2013 a scale of killing and destruction that is unprecedented in the region. Residential neighborhoods, refugee camps, hospitals, schools, mosques, churches, water facilities, bakeries, libraries, and museums have been targeted by more than 65 thousand tons of \u201cdumb bombs\u201d and white phosphorus (internationally banned since World War II). Even graves have not been spared attacks and desecration by Israeli occupation army soldiers.<\/p>\n<p>In the midst of intense bombardment, which makes no distinction between military and civilian targets or human and cultural heritage, more than 200 of the 325 registered sites in Gaza considered of national or global historic, archaeological, natural, religious, and humanitarian importance have been destroyed or severely damaged. This translates to the destruction of more than 60% of Gaza\u2019s cultural civil heritage. Gaza has a long and ancient history, which spans civilizations dating back to the end of the Neolithic Era where life first emerged in Palestine. The Gaza Valley civilization, particularly the area of Tell el-\u2018Ajjul, on the north bank of the Gaza Valley, is considered the earliest human settlement site in Gaza City after which the Gaza Strip is named.<\/p>\n<p>Among the remarkable archaeological sites and monuments that have been partially or fully destroyed are the site of Tell el-\u2018Ajjul, (3rd millennium BC), the site of the Roman Archaeological Cemetery (1st century BC), the Archaeological Site of Tel Umm Amer, also known as St. Hilarion (4th century AD), which is on the World Heritage tentative list and has received UNESCO\u2019s Enhanced Protection Status since 14 December 2023, and the Archaeological Site of Jabalia Byzantine Church (5th century AD). Other historical monuments that have architectural heritage and religious and social significance have been damaged, including the Church of St. Prophyrius (5th century AD), the Grand Omari Mosque (7th century AD), which is one of the most important archaeological sites with roots dating back to the (1st century BC). The \u201cCoastal Wetlands in the Gaza Valley,\u201d a candidate for World Heritage listing, regarded as a reserve of outstanding universal value rich in biodiversity both plant and animal, is being vandalized, inter alia, since the start of the war and under threat due to the forced migration of Palestinians to the southern areas of the valley which is threatening its environmental balance.<\/p>\n<p>Mamluk era (13th-16th century AD) historic sites and architecture such as mosques, palaces, and historical markets of social and economic value have been destroyed. To name a few, the Pasha Palace (1260 AD), the Qisariyah Market (1329 AD) and its historic extension the Zawiya Market, the Mosque of Ibn Othman (1394 AD), and the Samra Hammam (15th century AD), which is the only remaining archaeological bath in Gaza, all have been subject to massive destruction. Even Ottoman-era buildings, such as Al-Sayyid Hashem Mosque (1850 AD) and the Gaza municipality building (1928 AD) were also significantly damaged.<\/p>\n<p>In addition to the destruction of Gaza\u2019s architectural cultural heritage and its urban and natural fabric, the aggression has devastated Gaza\u2019s intangible heritage with the destruction of museums and the targeted murder of journalists, intellectuals, and artists, in an attempt to erase their contributions to Gaza\u2019s cultural and living heritage. Many vital community centers working on cultural heritage conservation as well as traditional handicrafts workshops and factories, which not only represent a rich source of local knowledge and skills, but also foster a sense of national identity and most importantly serve as the sole means of livelihood for many Gazans have been decimated.<\/p>\n<p>On the West Bank, Palestinian heritage sites listed as World Heritage in Danger are subjected to systematic and persistent attacks by armed Israeli settlers under the protection of the Israeli army, including the Old City of Jerusalem and its Walls (listed in 1981) and its neighborhoods, most recently in the Armenian quarter. In the village of Battir, in the Bethlehem governorate (listed in 2014), settlers took over a large geographical area by placing mobile houses on it. In the old town of Hebron and Al Ibrahimi Mosque (listed in 2017), residents have endured strict Israeli military measures since the start of the war, restricting freedom of movement and preventing prayer at Al Ibrahimi Mosque.<\/p>\n<p>We would like to note several documented official and unofficial statements made by Israeli officials calling for extreme violence against Palestinians and expressing intent to commit genocide. Examples are numerous and include Israeli Heritage Minister Omhai Ben-Elihu who called on November 5, 2023 for a nuclear attack on Gaza, and Minister of Advancement of Women\u2019s Status, May Golan, who on December 21, 2023, called for the mass killing of Gaza\u2019s people and dumping them in the sea. These and other statements are a flagrant violation of international law, including the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (1948), Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (1965), and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, in particular article 20, paragraphs 1 and 2; (\u201cAny propaganda of war is prohibited by law\u201d and \u201cany advocacy of national, racial or religious hatred that constitutes incitement to discrimination, hostility or violence shall be prohibited by law\u201d).<\/p>\n<p>People are the custodians of heritage and the keepers of memory, which makes the deliberate killing and displacement of Gaza\u2019s population an attack on all forms of existence, compounded by Israel\u2019s use of weapons and war strategies prohibited by the 1949 Fourth Geneva Convention and all other relevant conventions. Israel is targeting vital social, economic, and cultural systems and institutions that form the basis for the continuation of civilian life in Gaza. Furthermore, under international law and in the absence of effective implementation of the peace treaties, the Occupied Palestinian Territory remains under Israeli occupation, and as such, Israel is bound by the international conventions and protocols for the protection of the cultural and natural heritage all Palestinian territories occupied in 1967.<\/p>\n<p>This deliberate destruction of Gaza\u2019s human and cultural heritage constitutes a war crime and a clear breach of the covenants, conventions and international heritage protection law, specifically the 1972 International Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, the 1949 Fourth Geneva Convention, the 1954 Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in Armed Conflict and the 2001 UNESCO World Heritage Declaration.<\/p>\n<p>Accordingly, the Arab Regional Group strongly condemns the Israeli Occupying Forces for the brutal and barbaric attacks on Gaza, at a scale unprecedented in our contemporary history, and states emphatically that the killing of civilians, destruction of houses, vandalism of cultural properties and displacement of people of the Holy Land must receive international condemnation and immediate action in defense of human rights and cultural values. Silence on these crimes means consent to their continuation. In this context, the Arab Regional Group calls upon the international community at large, international organizations and all cultural heritage and human rights bodies, and all who stand for peace and justice to:<\/p>\n<p>Condemn the ongoing barbaric attacks against Palestinians;<br \/>\nCall for the protection of the Palestinian people, land and heritage;<br \/>\nCall for the immediate cessation of military operations and to mobilize immediate measures to halt atrocities, destruction of heritage, destruction of civilization and environment in Palestine, particularly Gaza;<br \/>\nMobilize urgent humanitarian assistance to the victims of this aggression;<br \/>\nImpose sanctions against Israel\u2019s occupation and those who support its brutal practices;<br \/>\nBoycott companies and institutions supporting Israel\u2019s occupation and aggression;<br \/>\nConduct joint scientific missions to review and assess the damage to cultural and natural heritage and cultural institutions;<br \/>\nProvide technical and material assistance and strengthen local expertise to document, restore, strengthen and rehabilitate cultural heritage and cultural property.<br \/>\nThe Arab Regional Group affirms their willingness to participate in any and all efforts that contribute to the protection of Palestine\u2019s cultural heritage in general and in Gaza in particular.<\/p>\n<p>In conclusion, to quote Martin Luther King\u2019s historical saying: \u201cThe worst place in hell is reserved for those who remain neutral in times of great moral battles.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>Arab Regional Group<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":15838,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-15836","newss","type-newss","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/palestine.icomos.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/newss\/15836","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/palestine.icomos.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/newss"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/palestine.icomos.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/newss"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/palestine.icomos.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15838"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/palestine.icomos.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15836"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}